AUTOMATION IN INDUSTRIAL
Industrial automation is the use of control systems, such as computers or robots, and information technologies for handling different processes and machineries in an industry to replace a human being. It is the second step beyond mechanization in the scope of industrialization.
Increase Quality and Flexibility in Your Manufacturing Process
Earlier the purpose of automation was to increase productivity (since automated systems can work 24 hours a day), and to reduce the cost associated with human operators (i.e. wages & benefits). However, today, the focus of automation has shifted to increasing quality and flexibility in a manufacturing process. In the automobile industry, the installation of pistons into the engine used to be performed manually with an error rate of 1-1.5%. Presently, this task is performed using automated machinery with an error rate of 0.00001%.
http://www.surecontrols.com/what-is-industrial-automation/
AUTOMATION HOME
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Home automation or smart home is building automation for the home. It involves the control and automation of lighting, heating (such as smart thermostats), ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), and security, as well as home appliances such as washer/dryers, ovens or refrigerators/freezers. Wi-Fi is often used for remote monitoring and control. Home devices, when remotely monitored and controlled via the Internet, are an important constituent of the Internet of Things. Modern systems generally consist of switches and sensors connected to a central hub sometimes called a "gateway" from which the system is controlled with a user interface that is interacted either with a wall-mounted terminal, mobile phone software, tablet computer or a web interface, often but not always via Internet cloud services.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_automation
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AUTOMATION IN AGRICULTURE
For centuries, farming was an intuitive process. Today, it’s networked, analytical, and data-driven. Large farms (1,000 acres or more) started the trend, adopting the tools of precision agriculture—using GPS-guided tractors, drones, and computer modeling to customize how each inch of land is farmed. Farm managers can measure and map things like soil acidity and nitrogen levels, and then apply fertilizer to specific plants—not just spray and pray. As a result, they get the most out of every seed they plant. Such methods have reduced farm costs by an average of 15 percent and increased yields by 13 percent, according to a 2014 survey by the American Farm Bureau Federation.
http://www.universeoptics.com/automation-in-agriculture/
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AUTOMATION IN MEDICAL
Over the last several days of the Cherry Blossom conference we have hear about how great improvements in automation technology have impacted the biochemistry, analytical instruments, infrastructure, and the management of clinical laboratories. The automation revolution in medicine was started primarily by the successful implementation of automation by Japanese laboratories in the early 1980s. In particular, Dr. Masahide Sasaki has been viewed as one of the pioneers in anticipating the need for significant error and cost reduction in clinical laboratories. Anticipating and implementing new technologies will be the primary focus of successful laboratories in the future. The focus of this lecture will be the many opportunities for automating not only the laboratory but the hospital as well.
New technologies promise to revolutionize medicine in a way that automation has begun to change the practice of laboratory medicine.
hhttp://www.aandt.co.jp/eng/techpre/felder.htm
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AUTOMATION IN EDUCATION
The information technology (IT) revolution which began in the latter half of the 20th century has brought great changes to education and learning. The spread of the Internet has made information ubiquitous, changing the emphasis of education from the transmission and acquisition of knowledge to knowledge creation [85.1], and shifting the focus from group to individual education. Since the perspective for discussions of education systems is moving from instructors to learners [85.2,3,4], in place of education systems we adopt the expression education/learning systems. When considering the automation of education/learning systems, along with the impact of information and communications technology (ITC), the effects of educational psychology and educational technology cannot be ignored. This field overall is referred to as instructional design (ID) [85.5]. This chapter examines the history and present conditions of automation in education/learning systems, centered on e-Learning, from the perspectives of information and communication technologies and instructional design. The chapter also introduces two examples from the field of industrial engineering and management systems concerning projects to develop education/learning programs to train Japanese manufacturing management personnel.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-540-78831-7_85
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